Contents
Section 1 Introduction to Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction
1 Pain Sciences and Myofascial Pain
2 Trigger Point Neurophysiology
3 The Role of Muscles and Fascia in Myofascial Pain Syndrome
4 Perpetuating Factors for Myofascial Pain Syndrome
5 Psychosocial Considerations
Section 2 Head and Neck Pain
6 Trapezius Muscle
7 Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
8 Masseter Muscle
9 Temporalis Muscle
10 Medial Pterygoid Muscle
11 Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
12 Digastric Muscle and Anterior Neck Muscles
13 Cutaneous I: Facial Muscles
14 Cutaneous II: Occipitofrontalis
15 Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis Muscles
16 Posterior Cervical Muscles: Semispinalis Capitis, Longissimus Capitis, Semispinalis Cervicis, Multifidus, and Rotatores
17 Suboccipital Muscles
18 Clinical Considerations of Head and Neck Pain
Section 3 Upper Back, Shoulder, and Arm Pain
19 Levator Scapulae Muscle
20 Scalene Muscles
21 Supraspinatus Muscle
22 Infraspinatus Muscle
23 Teres Minor Muscle
24 Latissimus Dorsi Muscle
25 Teres Major Muscle
26 Subscapularis Muscle
27 Rhomboid Minor and Major Muscles
28 Deltoid Muscle
29 Coracobrachialis Muscle
30 Biceps Brachii Muscle
31 Brachialis Muscle
32 Triceps Brachii and Anconeus Muscles
33 Clinical Considerations of Upper Back Shoulder and Arm Pain
Section 4 Forearm, Wrist, and Hand Pain
34 Wrist Extensor and Brachioradialis Muscles
35 Extensor Digitorum and Extensor Indicis Muscles
36 Supinator Muscle
37 Palmaris Longus Muscle
38 Wrist and Finger Flexors in the Forearm
39 Adductor and Opponens Pollicis Muscles
40 Interosseous, Lumbrical, and Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscles
41 Clinical Considerations of Elbow, Wrist, and Hand Pain
Section 5 Trunk and Pelvis Pain
42 Pectoralis Major and Subclavius Muscles
43 Sternalis Muscle
44 Pectoralis Minor Muscle
45 Intercostal and Diaphragm Muscles
46 Serratus Anterior Muscle
47 Serratus Posterior Superior and Inferior Muscles
48 Thoracolumbar Paraspinal Muscles
49 Abdominal Muscles
50 Quadratus Lumborum Muscle
51 Psoas Major, Psoas Minor, and Iliacus Muscles
52 Pelvic Floor Muscles
53 Clinical Considerations of Trunk and Pelvic Pain
Section 6 Hip, Thigh, and Knee Pain
54 Gluteus Maximus Muscle
55 Gluteus Medius Muscle
56 Gluteus Minimus and Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscles
57 Piriformis, Obturator Internus, Gemelli, Obturator Externus, and Quadratus Femoris Muscles
58 Quadriceps Femoris and Sartorius Muscles
59 Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Magnus, Pectineus, and Gracilis Muscles
60 Hamstring Muscles
61 Popliteus Muscle
62 Clinical Considerations of Hip, Thigh, and Knee Pain
Section 7 Leg, Ankle, and Foot Pain
63 Tibialis Anterior Muscle
64 Fibularis Longus, Brevis, and Tertius Muscles
65 Gastrocnemius Muscle
66 Soleus and Plantaris Muscles
67 Tibialis Posterior Muscle
68 Long Toe Extensor Muscles
69 Long Toe Flexor Muscles
70 Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot
71 Clinical Considerations of Leg, Ankle, and Foot Pain
Section 8 Treatment Considerations for Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction
72 Trigger Point Injection and Dry Needling
73 Manual Therapy Considerations
74 Therapeutic Exercise Considerations
75 Therapeutic Modality Considerations
76 Postural Considerations
77 Footwear Considerations
Index